In an effort to remove the Mount Davidson Cross, a monument in San Francisco, two Turkish-American organizations filed lawsuits that the United States Supreme Court ultimately denied in 2004. The reason was that the cross was bought to commemorate the Armenian Genocide, a genocide carried out by the Ottoman Empire in 1915, and has since then been denied by the Turkish government.
Between 1915 and 1923, the Armenian population in the Ottoman Empire was systematically destroyed on orders from the Turkish leadership. Approximately 1.5 million Armenians, or more than half of the entire Armenian population, were annihilated with all their property seized, according to the Genocide Education Project.
Due to the Turkish government’s denial, all who spoke about the genocide were silenced. Hrant Dink, an Armenian newspaper editor in Turkey, was assassinated in 2007 for recognizing the Armenian Genocide. Even European countries’ governments have been concerned about “dig[ging] out the truth” because Turkey currently plays an important international role.
“In Europe, they’ve never heard about, never talked about [the Armenian Genocide], until I heard it from someone here [in the United States],” said Lenci Farkas, a Holocaust survivor who was born in 1923, around the time of genocide.
Farkas indicated that the U.S. was one of the first countries informed of the Armenian Genocide. However, the U.S. Congress has not officially recognized the Armenian Genocide. Every time it was voted on, the Turkish government protested, and the resolution was tabled. Although the legislative branch was unable to recognize the occurrence of such genocide, as of now, 12 states are required to incorporate the knowledge of the Armenian Genocide in their high school social science curriculum. However, textbooks usually include only one paragraph dedicated to those 1.5 million lives.
“There is always the one bugging question for history teachers,” said Mary Sano, a history teacher at Paly. “Do you learn the broad way or the deep way?”
The Armenian Genocide is usually considered to be too specific to learn about when compared to broader topics like the Holocaust. However, the Armenian Genocide actually links to many notable historical events and trends, such as World War II and the Holocaust, despite the fact that it happened during World War I.
As the first “modern genocide” after the Industrial Revolution, mass murdering could be carried efficiently. From there on out, the Armenian Genocide served as a template for later genocides across the globe. One of the reasons why Hitler was unafraid to commit gruesome crimes like the Holocaust was because he had seen and experienced an earlier example — the Armenian Genocide — and noted that the Ottoman government did not have to take responsibility for it.
Hitler even once said, “Who, after today, speaks today of the annihilation of the Armenians?”
The Germans also took part of the Armenian Genocide during World War I, as an ally with the Ottoman Empire.
“They helped them to figure out ways to exterminate the Armenians, and some of the German military officials in Turkey went back to Germany and became Nazi officials,” said Roxanne Makasdjian, a descendant of Armenian Genocide survivors and the executive director of The Genocide Education Project, a non-profit organization. “The fact that there was no punishment or no remembering, no accountability or reparations proved to Hitler that [the genocide plan] worked effectively.”
Because of the Turkish government’s denial of the crime, there has been no commemoration, so justice was never restored. Although those like Farkas who heard about the Armenian Genocide in the U.S. in the 1950s, it was not publicized until 2004.
“You can imagine how I feel: [it is] terrible that people will do things like that like they did to us [in the Holocaust] and still deny it.” Farkas said. “It is always important to raise awareness in order to restore justice.”
The U.S. educational system emphasizes the importance of social justice issues: Paly even offers its own social justice pathway. So it does not make sense why Paly is not teaching about the Armenian Genocide, as it is a hugely important social topic to address.
The scale of the injustice of not teaching this event is tremendous, essentially denying 1.5 million deaths and confiscation of all the personal and community properties of the Armenians. It is essential to add to the Paly curriculum in order to educate the students of the arocities that occured.
“When students learn about social justice issues, they also need to learn how to solve them,” Makasdjian said. “The biggest purpose in learning this history is to prevent similar massive human rights violations from happening in the future. If students can be educated about [the stages of a genocide], they can prevent genocides from happening in the future.”
